Water on the Land
Year 7 Geography knowledge organiser. Water cycle, drainage basins, river processes, landforms, and the Toon Monsoon 2012 case study.
Water Cycle Terms
- Condensation clouds form as vapour cools
- Evaporation liquid water turns to vapour
- Precipitation rain or snow falls
- Interception vegetation traps water
- Transpiration water leaves plant surfaces
- Surface runoff water flows over ground
- Infiltration water seeps into soil
- Percolation water moves into rock
- Throughflow water flows within soil and rock
Drainage Basin Terms
- Drainage basin land drained by a river and tributaries
- Watershed high land around the basin
- Source where the river begins
- Mouth where the river meets the sea
- Tributary smaller stream joining the main river
- Confluence meeting point of rivers
- Main channel primary flow path
- Floodplain flat land beside the river
River Processes
Erosion- Hydraulic action water force hits banks
- Abrasion rocks scrape the channel
- Solution acidic water dissolves rock
- Attrition rocks break into smaller pieces
- Traction boulders rolled along the bed
- Saltation pebbles bounced along the bed
- Suspension fine material carried in water
- Solution minerals dissolved and carried
River Landforms
Use this diagram to explain how meanders develop and migrate, and how erosion and deposition shape the channel over time.
Case Study Causes
Causes jet stream over the UK, intense rainfall, ageing drains, storms crossing the Pennines
Case Study Effects and Responses
Effects 500 homes flooded, road damage, Tyne Tunnel closed, transport disrupted, £8m cost
Responses flood defences, storage reservoir, flood gates and walls, raised sockets, waterproof concrete, £100m investment